Pakistan has one of the widest gender pay gaps (GPG) globally, according to a report by the International Labour Organisation (ILO). Women earn significantly less than men across most sectors, with many wage differences unexplained by education, skills, or experience. This suggests the presence of gender-based discrimination.
The Extent of the Pay Gap
The report reveals that women earn about 25% less per hour than men. When considering monthly wages, the gap widens to 30%, meaning women receive only Rs700–Rs750 for every Rs1,000 earned by men. Though still high, this marks a slight improvement from 2018, when the gap was 33%.
Sector-Wise Wage Disparities in Pakistan
The gender pay gap varies across different sectors. In the formal sector, where employment laws are enforced, wage differences are minimal. However, in informal and household sectors, where regulations are weak, women earn over 40% less than men. The public sector has a lower pay gap, indicating that strict labor laws can help reduce wage inequality.
Pakistan vs. Other South Asian Countries
Pakistan’s GPG is larger than in many neighboring countries. Sri Lanka reports a 22% gap based on hourly wages, while Nepal stands at 18%. Bangladesh, in contrast, has a reversed pay gap of -5%, meaning women earn slightly more than men on average.
The Impact and Need for Action
The persistent pay gap reflects deep-rooted societal and cultural norms that restrict women’s economic participation. It also hampers economic growth by limiting the workforce’s full potential. To address this issue, policymakers must enforce labor laws, promote women’s education, and challenge discriminatory practices.
Pakistan has made some progress, but the pace remains slow. Achieving wage equality requires a collective effort from the government, employers, and society.
